Client Relationship Management Specialists
Registered portfolio manager firms (PMs) may choose to use an operating model that divides responsibilities among their registered advising representatives (ARs) and registered associate advising representatives (AARs) so that some of them handle the selection of securities for clients’ managed accounts while others act as client relationship managers (CRMs) who work directly with clients and do not select securities.
Specialized proficiency
Experience in selecting individual securities is part of the “relevant investment management experience” (RIME) that is required to become registered as an AR. AARs that act as CRMs typically will not have accumulated sufficient securities selection RIME to become ARs. However, an AAR or other individual who can demonstrate that they have all of the other proficiencies required for registration as an AR in addition to significant experience relevant to CRM activity can be registered as an AR who will specialize in CRM activity (a CRM AR). Terms and conditions on the registration of CRM ARs restrict their registerable activities to things that do not involve the selection of securities.
CRM ARs are permitted to recommend model portfolios and pooled funds, determine asset allocations, and formulate and draft investment policy statements without the approval of any other AR. They can also undertake some of the activities permitted for AARs if that advice is approved by an unrestricted AR. CRM ARs can also approve CRM-related advice given by AARs. This can help PMs that use AAR CRMs to operate more efficiently.
The terms and conditions for CRM ARs are standardized and non-negotiable in order that there will be clear and enforceable expectations and a level playing field for all registered CRM specialists. They can be viewed here.
A CRM AR is not necessarily going to be able to do everything that some PM firms consider to be included in “client relationship management”. A PM that uses client relationship managers will have to decide if its particular operating model has a place for a CRM AR that is subject to the restrictive terms and conditions. There will be no lowered expectations in respect of a PM’s internal controls simply because some of its ARs are registered as CRM ARs. No PM will be permitted to operate without at least one unrestricted AR who is not a CRM AR.
AARs may specialize in CRM activity without restrictive terms and conditions because individuals applying for registration as an AAR are not required to demonstrate security selection RIME.
Managing client expectations
To ensure that there are no misunderstandings on the part of clients, CRM ARs may not use any title that could imply to a reasonable person that their advising activities are materially the same as those of unrestricted ARs.
If a CRM AR’s title does not include “client relationship manager” (although that is the easiest thing for all concerned), “client relationship manager” must be attached to their title as a description of their function in client communications and marketing materials. Examples of client communications and marketing materials where this would apply include, among other things, documents and webpages that reference the individual, e-mail signatures and business cards.
CRM specialist ARs will be required to tell clients about the limits of the advice they can give and that unrestricted ARs will advise clients on securities selection.
Frequently asked questions
We have prepared an FAQ regarding CRM ARs, which includes guidance on the process to become registered as a CRM AR: Client Relationship Management Advising Representative (CRM AR) FAQs
PM firms submitting an application for AR registration on behalf of a CRM specialist should include a statement in the Current Employment entry in Form 33-109F4 Registration of Individuals and Review of Permitted Individuals stating that “Individual is seeking registration as CRM AR”. This will facilitate efficiency in the review of the application. The individual will still have to satisfy the AR education requirements of section 3.11 [Portfolio Manager – Advising representative] of NI 31-103 (i.e., the Chartered Financial Analyst Charter (CFA) or Canadian Investment Manager (CIM) designation) and demonstrate sufficient CRM-related RIME, but we will not require evidence of securities selection expertise when assessing the RIME component.
A firm cannot use the same titles for all-round, unrestricted ARs and CRM specialist, CRM ARs.
“Financial Advisor – Client Relationship Manager” is acceptable because it implies a broad role that does not necessarily involve stock selection. However, any firm using that title for its representatives should be mindful of any provincial legislation that may restrict the use of titles that include “financial advisor” or variations on it to only persons who meet certain criteria. “Wealth Advisor” is also acceptable for the same reason
“Investment Counsellor” is not an appropriate title for a CRM AR because it could be taken by a reasonable client to imply that the individual gives advice about specific securities.
CRM ARs and their PM firms are reminded that the terms and conditions provide that “client relationship manager” must be attached to their title as a description of their function in client communications and marketing materials. Examples of client communications and marketing materials where this would apply include, among other things, documents and webpages that reference the individual, e-mail signatures and business cards.
The disclosure would be provided when the CRM AR is assigned to the client’s account. That would be when the individual or firm first becomes a client of the PM and also later on, if a new CRM AR is assigned to the client. Written confirmation should be provided.
There is no objection in principle to a firm doing so. The challenge will be to ensure that it is clear to each client which individuals act in which capacities.
Yes, they must tell each client. We do not prescribe the method of the telling; it just has to be clear and confirmed in writing.
A CRM AR can analyze securities of a specific issuer for their PM firm. It may not do so for a client. In concrete terms, a CRM AR may design the asset mix for a client’s tailored portfolio, but then steps back while an unrestricted AR selects the specific securities that will fill each asset class. A CRM AR could also be on a team working on the design of a model portfolio or pooled fund and provide their views to their colleagues about potential choices for component securities, provided that only unrestricted ARs will make the decisions on any specific security investment. However, if a firm believes that it is necessary for a registered representative to analyze the underlying investments in a pooled fund or model portfolio in order to make a suitability determination for a client, the firm should not seek to use CRM ARs for that purpose because the terms and conditions will not permit it.
In such cases, the RIME required for AR registration still includes securities selection and registration will not be subject to the CRM AR terms and conditions.
Yes, a CRM AR could accumulate securities selection RIME under the supervision of an unrestricted AR. However, they could only gain that experience in a manner consistent with the terms and conditions. For example, they could analyze individual securities for the benefit of the firm. They could not “cross the line” and provide advice about specific securities to a specific client in a manner not contemplated in the terms and conditions. However, we do not see registration of a CRM AR as a step in between AAR and unrestricted AR. We do not anticipate many situations where an CRM AR would apply to be an unrestricted AR.
Although we do not preclude the exceptional case, we are generally of the opinion that experience accumulated in the limited operations of a mutual fund dealer is unlikely to be sufficient to support registration as a CRM AR or unrestricted AR.
No. Even an unrestricted AR cannot accept a client-directed trade without having first made a recommendation in response to the client’s direction (which the client may then accept or override, if the recommendation is not to proceed with the trade). That recommendation requires expertise in securities selection, which a CRM AR is not permitted to do.
Terms & Conditions for Client Relationship Managers
Advising Representative – Client Relationship Management
[Name of individual] (the registrant) is registered as an advising representative (AR) of [name of firm] (the firm), subject to the following terms and conditions,
1. No analysis or selection of individual securities
The advice that the registrant provides to clients of the firm may not include:
- analysis of the securities of any specific issuer, or
- recommendations or decisions to buy, hold or sell the securities of any specific issuer, whether on a discretionary or a non-discretionary basis.
For greater certainty, the registrant may:
- recommend model portfolios and pooled funds designed by an AR who is not subject to terms and conditions that restrict their capacity to advise in respect of the securities which make up the model portfolios and pooled funds,
- determine asset allocations for clients’ accounts, and
- formulate and draft investment policy statements.
2. Activities requiring approval of unrestricted AR
Despite section 1, the registrant may do any of the following provided the activity is consistent with advice previously given or approved by another AR of the firm who is not subject to terms and conditions that restrict their capacity to advise in respect of the relevant securities:
- communicate with clients regarding investments in individual securities,
- direct trades in individual securities to implement asset allocation decisions,
- direct trades in individual securities to implement account rebalancing.
3. Review and approval of advice provided by Associate Advising Representatives (AARs)
The registrant may not review or approve for purposes of section 4.2 of National Instrument 31-103 Registration Requirements, Exemptions and Ongoing Registrant Obligations (NI 31-103) advice provided by AARs of the firm concerning the securities of any specific issuer.
- For greater certainty, the registrant may review and approve for these purposes:
- AARs’ recommendations of model portfolios and pooled funds designed by an AR who is not subject to terms and conditions that restrict their capacity to advise in respect of the securities which make up the model portfolios and pooled funds,
- AARs’ determinations of asset allocations for clients’ accounts, and
- investment policy statements formulated and drafted by AARs.
4. No misleading use of titles
To avoid misleading clients or potential clients, the registrant must refer to themself as a “client relationship manager” in all communications with clients and marketing materials (including business cards and e-mail signatures) and may not use any title that could imply to a reasonable person that the permitted advising activities of the registrant are materially the same as those of an AR who is not subject to terms and conditions with restrictions with similar effect to these terms and conditions.